• KBPO identifies more than 1,600 fossil fuel-linked participants at COP30.
• Their number exceeds almost all national delegations except Brazil’s.
• Their presence may influence discussions on emissions, finance, and energy transition.

A new analysis by the Kick Big Polluters Out (KBPO) coalition shows that more than 1,600 participants linked to fossil energy companies are currently attending COP30 in Belém, Brazil. They represent about one in twenty-five registered participants. The coalition adds that these representatives outnumber almost all national delegations except that of the host country. They are also far more numerous than the delegations of several vulnerable countries, including the Philippines and the ten most climate-exposed nations.

The issue goes beyond numbers. In a recent publication, the European Commission recalls that COP meetings are the main forum where countries negotiate decisions that guide global climate action. Decisions are adopted by consensus, and each delegation has the same weight during the final adoption. Balance is therefore essential, given that COP decisions shape public policies, investment paths, and financial commitments.

Representation also matters because of the topics under discussion this year. Negotiations in Belém focus on emission reductions, climate finance, and transition pathways. These issues are directly linked to energy systems. The composition of delegations can therefore influence how priorities are defined and how conclusions are drafted.

Recent debates show that decisions on fossil fuels have gained importance, as seen with the COP28 outcome. The final text mentioned for the first time the need to accelerate the transition away from fossil fuels in energy systems.

This development marked a turning point in international negotiations, as it introduced this subject explicitly into a COP outcome. It also highlighted the need for balanced representation at a time when discussions concern the future of the sector.