Renowned as one of Africa’s cleanest cities, Kigali has in recent years experienced a demographic surge that is challenging this reputation while intensifying mobility constraints. In response, authorities are rethinking urban transport models.

Driven by an ambitious government vision, Kigali, Rwanda’s capital, is undergoing numerous strategic infrastructure projects designed to transform its transportation system into a more sustainable and integrated model.

One notable initiative is a cable car transport project, which is still rare on the continent. This momentum gained further support last week with a $100 million loan from the World Bank, intended to expand public mobility options. The funding will help build key infrastructure to support these upgrades.

A Multisectoral Vision for Mobility

Several other projects are planned to develop Kigali’s future transport network. These include a standard gauge railway (SGR), currently in its early stages, which would improve regional connectivity, and the development of a bus rapid transit (BRT) system with integrated charging stations.

The transformation also relies on local innovations and incentive-based policies. Initiatives such as the bi-monthly Kigali Car-Free Day, proactive public strategies, and a growing ecosystem of mission-driven enterprises are all part of this shift.

Startups and manufacturers like GuraRide (electric bikes), TAILG (electric vehicles), Spiro (electric motorcycles), and S.U.L E-Mobility have demonstrated strong public-private synergy. S.U.L E-Mobility, for example, launched a dedicated e-Mobility Academy with support from GIZ.

Tackling Structural Challenges

These efforts are part of a long-term strategy to alleviate congestion on the city’s road network, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance the quality of life in a rapidly growing urban center. With an estimated population of 1.7 million, Kigali faces increasing pressure on its infrastructure.

According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), this pressure is evident in chronic congestion, extended commute times, the absence of dedicated bus lanes, a lack of infrastructure for cyclists and pedestrians, and a heavy reliance on motorcycle taxis, which are seen as quick but less safe alternatives.

Kigali’s commitment to low-carbon mobility aligns with its broader energy strategy and clean city image. It also addresses a pressing global health issue. The World Bank’s 2024 report, "Safe and Clean Vehicles for Healthier and More Productive Societies," stated that air pollution caused 8.1 million premature deaths in 2021, with 95% of these occurring in developing countries, particularly in Africa.

The report identifies dense traffic and outdated vehicle fleets as key contributors. A 2019 study in the Netherlands revealed that over 80% of vehicles exported to Africa failed to meet the Euro 4 emissions standard, which regulates pollutant limits in the EU. Therefore, fleet renewal stands out as a critical priority.

Written in French by Henoc Dossa,

Translated and adapted into English by Mouka Mezonlin