While Africa’s workforce is expanding rapidly, recent data show most jobs remain informal, many workers live below the poverty line, and access to social protection is still limited.

The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines decent work as employment that offers a fair income, job security, social protection, equal opportunity and fundamental rights, as well as freedom of expression and collective bargaining. Understanding this concept allows for measuring job quality, developing appropriate policies, and protecting workers while stimulating economic development.

In Africa, informality remains the primary obstacle to decent work. Many jobs operate outside of regulation, depriving workers of stability, social protection, and long-term prospects. This situation creates widespread precarity where working does not guarantee a dignified livelihood.

The agricultural sector, which employs a large part of the population, particularly illustrates this challenge. A significant portion of agricultural jobs remain informal, low-paid, and lack social coverage, increasing the vulnerability of workers. Limited access to social protection leaves many individuals exposed to risks related to health, economic crises, or job loss.

Decent work is among the items on the agenda of the 355th session of the ILO Governing Body, being held in Geneva, Switzerland, from November 17 to 27. The focus is not only on creating jobs but also on ensuring their quality, worker safety, and the recognition of their rights.

Investment in training and skills development can enable workers to access more formal and protected jobs. This approach promotes inclusive and resilient African economies capable of offering dignified and lasting future prospects for young people and adults.

Félicien Houindo Lokossou

Read More:

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11/11/2025- Precarious, Poorly Paid, and Unprotected: The ILO’s Definition of the Informal Economy

09/11/2025- Understanding the ILO's Measure of a Nation's Workforce