• Trump boosts Bitcoin with a Strategic Reserve while regulating stablecoins to reinforce dollar demand.
• Bitcoin tops $110,000 and $2.2T market capitalization, gaining legitimacy as digital gold despite high volatility.
• Dollar still anchors African central banks reserves, with stablecoins deepening its role in remittances and digital finance.

Washington is reshaping the global conversation on money. With Donald Trump back in the White House, the United States is doubling down on its dominance of the financial system while opening the door to Bitcoin and other digital assets. The paradox is striking: the dollar remains the world’s reserve anchor, especially in Africa, even as U.S. policymakers brand Bitcoin a strategic asset and push stablecoins into the mainstream.

The clearest signal came in March 2025, when Trump signed an Executive Order creating a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve. The measure directs federal agencies to retain rather than auction Bitcoin and other crypto assets seized in criminal cases. Victims are compensated first; whatever remains after five years is transferred to a Treasury cold wallet. No taxpayer money is used. Analysts estimate the U.S. government already controls more than $20 billion in seized digital assets, making the stockpile potentially significant.

In July 2025, Congress passed the GENIUS Act with bipartisan support. It set the first federal framework for stablecoins, requiring full backing with cash or short-dated U.S. Treasuries held by regulated custodians, along with monthly attestations. The law positions stablecoins as extensions of the dollar rather than rivals, effectively turning each token into an indirect demand for Treasuries. As issuance grows, so does foreign demand for U.S. public debt, reinforcing the greenback’s monetary moat.

Regulators also aligned accounting standards with this policy shift. The Financial Accounting Standards Board’s ASU 2023-08, effective from December 2024, allows corporates to carry Bitcoin and other digital assets at fair market value instead of writing them down under impairment rules. This has encouraged treasurers, fund managers, and listed companies to hold crypto on balance sheet without punitive accounting treatment. The result has been rapid adoption. Spot Bitcoin ETFs in the U.S. now manage between $145 billion and $155 billion in assets, rivaling some of the largest gold-backed funds. Custody banks have revived crypto services, and brokerages are adding Bitcoin to retail platforms alongside equities and bonds.

Bitcoin’s market capitalization has surged to about $2.2 trillion, with the token trading above $110,000 in early September 2025—more than double its value a year ago. Institutional flows now drive the rally, with pension funds, hedge funds and insurers gaining exposure through regulated vehicles. This institutionalization does not erase Bitcoin’s volatility. It has endured multiple 70% drawdowns in past cycles and still swings as much as 5% to 7% in a single day. But Washington’s embrace has changed perceptions. Bitcoin is increasingly framed as digital gold—scarce, borderless, and a geopolitical hedge in a world of competing currencies.

By building a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, the U.S. has signaled that crypto is not merely speculative but a strategic financial asset, akin to how gold underpins central bank balance sheets. That symbolism resonates globally, especially in developing economies where access to hard currency is fragile.

The dollar’s supremacy, however, remains intact. IMF data show the greenback at 57.7% of global reserves in the first quarter of 2025, down only marginally from prior years. The euro, yen and renminbi trail far behind. Stablecoins now reinforce this dominance. More than $255 billion circulate globally, with over 99% denominated in dollars. With the GENIUS Act in force, each stablecoin is a pipeline of dollar demand: issuers back tokens with Treasuries, tying global crypto liquidity directly to U.S. debt markets. Far from displacing the greenback, the digital asset boom is deepening its reach.

For Africa, this dynamic underscores the enduring weight of the dollar. From oil import bills to Eurobond servicing, the greenback remains the reserve currency of record. The adoption of stablecoins abroad only entrenches this role, making the dollar not just the analog anchor but the default unit in digital finance.

No African central bank currently reports Bitcoin holdings in official reserves. The Central African Republic briefly adopted Bitcoin as legal tender in 2022 but repealed the law in 2023, leaving no state-managed wallets on record. Basel rules still classify Bitcoin as a high-volatility asset, meaning any future central bank allocation would be tightly capped and segregated. Still, the symbolism of U.S. policy matters. The world’s largest reserve-currency issuer treating Bitcoin as strategic may push others to debate whether—and how—it should influence their reserve mix alongside gold or SDRs.

The continent is also exposed through payments and markets. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most expensive region for sending money, with average fees of about 8% on $200 transfers. Stablecoins such as USDC and USDT are already used informally in Nigeria, Kenya and Ghana. With U.S. law now granting federal legitimacy to dollar-backed tokens, banks and fintechs may be more willing to integrate them, reshaping remittance flows and lowering costs. At the same time, Bitcoin’s institutional legitimacy means more global funds will hold it. African frontier bonds and equities often sit in the same portfolios, so crypto swings can indirectly affect capital inflows. Risk-on rallies or sudden crashes now ripple into frontier markets faster than before.

The United States is not replacing the dollar with Bitcoin; it is dollarizing crypto itself. Stablecoins extend U.S. monetary power into digital finance, while the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve elevates BTC into a quasi-strategic hedge. Both moves strengthen America’s grip on the global order, even as they acknowledge digital assets’ rising relevance.

For Africa, the practical reality is unchanged: the dollar remains king. But the landscape around it is shifting. Future shocks to African reserves may no longer come only from Fed rate moves or commodity cycles, but also from Bitcoin’s volatile price swings and the growth of stablecoin rails. Policymakers on the continent do not need to overhaul their playbooks today, but they cannot afford complacency. Watching U.S. digital asset policy, tracking stablecoin-driven shifts in remittances, and monitoring Bitcoin’s growing role in global risk appetite will be essential to managing tomorrow’s reserves.

Idriss Linge